Reformed Casuistry and Moral Theology

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The rise of Reformed casuistry was tied to the end of the penitential tradition in its most familiar forms, at least for Protestants. Scholars have recently argued very compellingly, however, that casuistry in fact reaches at least as far back as the New Testament writings, and some would push it further back into the Torah. Casuistry, while often a pejorative term today, is simply the pursuit of lived faithfulness. How does the Bible work ethically? In what way does the nature of Scripture determine the proper moral uses of Scripture? How is the moral application or use of natural law the same or different from the moral application or use of Torah in both narrow and general senses? How do the major lights of Reformed casuistry (Perkins, Ames, and Baxter) reflect the now displaced views of their early modern era, and how do they reflect and advance the sober, enduringly wise, and biblical principles of a God-glorifying life? This course will explore casuistry in general, in the Christian tradition, and in the Reformed tradition. Our work will be as much exegetical and dogmatic as it will be historical, and we will take steps to evaluate and not only to describe various approaches to casuistry. This course module will also feature one special lecture by Dr. Atria Larson, Greystone Fellow and scholar of the medieval penitential and canon law tradition.

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The rise of Reformed casuistry was tied to the end of the penitential tradition in its most familiar forms, at least for Protestants. Scholars have recently argued very compellingly, however, that casuistry in fact reaches at least as far back as the New Testament writings, and some would push it further back into the Torah. Casuistry, while often a pejorative term today, is simply the pursuit of lived faithfulness. How does the Bible work ethically? In what way does the nature of Scripture determine the proper moral uses of Scripture? How is the moral application or use of natural law the same or different from the moral application or use of Torah in both narrow and general senses? How do the major lights of Reformed casuistry (Perkins, Ames, and Baxter) reflect the now displaced views of their early modern era, and how do they reflect and advance the sober, enduringly wise, and biblical principles of a God-glorifying life? This course will explore casuistry in general, in the Christian tradition, and in the Reformed tradition. Our work will be as much exegetical and dogmatic as it will be historical, and we will take steps to evaluate and not only to describe various approaches to casuistry. This course module will also feature one special lecture by Dr. Atria Larson, Greystone Fellow and scholar of the medieval penitential and canon law tradition.

The rise of Reformed casuistry was tied to the end of the penitential tradition in its most familiar forms, at least for Protestants. Scholars have recently argued very compellingly, however, that casuistry in fact reaches at least as far back as the New Testament writings, and some would push it further back into the Torah. Casuistry, while often a pejorative term today, is simply the pursuit of lived faithfulness. How does the Bible work ethically? In what way does the nature of Scripture determine the proper moral uses of Scripture? How is the moral application or use of natural law the same or different from the moral application or use of Torah in both narrow and general senses? How do the major lights of Reformed casuistry (Perkins, Ames, and Baxter) reflect the now displaced views of their early modern era, and how do they reflect and advance the sober, enduringly wise, and biblical principles of a God-glorifying life? This course will explore casuistry in general, in the Christian tradition, and in the Reformed tradition. Our work will be as much exegetical and dogmatic as it will be historical, and we will take steps to evaluate and not only to describe various approaches to casuistry. This course module will also feature one special lecture by Dr. Atria Larson, Greystone Fellow and scholar of the medieval penitential and canon law tradition.

Lectures

Full Course | 16 hours

1. Conscience and Law in Tension
1.1 The Difficulty with “Conscience”
1.2 Conscience and “Common” Sense
1.3 Luther, the Conscience, and Law

2. Conscience’s Mixed Legacy
2.1 The Legacy of the “Lutheran Conscience”
2.2 Tyndale to Ames on Conscience
2.3 The Controverted Meaning of Conscience
2.4 Conscience in 17th Century England

3. Casuistry: Pastoral Vocation and Classical Roots
3.1 The Pastor’s Duty
3.2 Great Moral Dilemmas
3.3 Casuistry: The Classical Model
3.4 Theory and Practice
3.5 Casuistry and the Penitentials (Dr. Atria A. Larson, guest lecturer)

4. William Perkins and the Reformation of Casuistry
4.1 Divine and Human Laws
4.2 Conscience and the Conflict Between Secular and Divine Law
4.3 The True Church and the Papacy
4.4 Perkins and the Concern of Schism

5. The Casuistic Theology of William Ames
5.1 Peter Ramus; The “End” of Theology
5.2 Perkins and the End of Medieval Casuistry
5.3 Ames and the Reconfiguration of Reformed Casuistry
5.4 Ames and Natural Law Theory
5.5 The Decalogue and Natural Law

6. Ames (continued); Richard Baxter
6.1 Covenant and Mutual Obligation; Synteresis, Conscience, and Scripture
6.2 Synteresis and Conscience (cont.)
6.3 Readings in Ames: “Of Schism” and “Of the Church”
6.4 Richard Baxter and the Forgiving Disposition
6.5 The Forgiving Disposition and the Church Community

7. Rethinking Law: Torah as Means of Grace
7.1 Torah as Law Code or Law Collection
7.2 Biblical Evidence for Using Torah
7.3 The Wisdom Function of Israel’s Case Law
7.4 Jesus as Revolutionary Torah Conservative

8. Christ, Casuistry, and Conscientiousness
8.1 Casuistry and the Moral Order
8.2 Christ, Casuistry, and “Compromise”
8.3 Casuistry, Conscience, and Conscientiousness